The Scream 呐喊

The Scream (Norwegian: Skrik) is the popular name given to each of four versions of a composition, created as both paintings andpastels, by the Expressionist artist Edvard Munch between 1893 and 1910. Der Schrei der Natur (The Scream of Nature) is the title Munch gave to these works, all of which show a figure with an agonized expression against a landscape with a tumultuous orange sky. Arthur Lubow has described The Scream as "an icon of modern art, a Mona Lisa for our time."^[1]

Edvard Munch created the four versions in various media. The National Gallery, Oslo, holds one of two painted versions (1893, shown here). The Munch Museum holds the other painted version (1910, see gallery, below) and a pastel version from 1893. These three versions have not traveled for years.^[2]

The fourth version (pastel, 1895) was sold for $119,922,600 at Sotheby's Impressionist and Modern Art auction on 2 May 2012 to financier Leon Black,^[3][4] the second highest nominal price paid for a painting at auction.^[5] The painting was on display in the Museum of Modern Art in New York from October 2012 to April 2013.

Also in 1895, Munch created a lithograph stone of the image. Of the lithograph prints produced by Munch, several examples survive.^[6] Only approximately four dozen prints were made before the original stone was resurfaced by the printer in Munch's absence.^[7]

The Scream has been the target of several high-profile art thefts. In 1994, the version in the National Gallery was stolen. It was recovered several months later. In 2004, both The Scream and Madonna were stolen from the Munch Museum, and were both recovered two years later.

《吶喊》（挪威语：Skrik），或譯稱《尖叫》，是挪威畫家愛德華·孟克（Edvard Munch）1893年的作品。这幅画是表現主義繪畫風格著名的作品。

《吶喊》是挪威印象派畫家愛德華·孟克（Edvard Munch）的代表作之一。畫面的主體是在血紅色映襯下一個極其痛苦的表情，紅色的背景源於1883年印尼喀拉喀托火山爆發，火山灰把天空染紅了。畫中的地點是從厄克貝里山上俯視的奧斯陸峽灣，有人認為該作品反映了現代人被存在主義的焦慮侵擾的意境。 这套组画题材范围广泛，以讴歌“生命、爱情和死亡”为基本主题，采用象征和隐喻的手法，揭示了人类“世纪末”的忧虑与恐惧。

本作品共有四個版本，分別是藏於奧斯陸孟克博物館的版本（蛋彩畫、紙本，83.5×66cm）、藏於國家畫廊的版本（蛋彩畫、油畫、粉彩、紙本，91×73.5cm）、藏於孟克博物館的另一個版本，和彼得·奧爾森（Petter Olsen）的收藏版本。1895年畫家把作品製成平面印刷以大量複製。自1994年起，其中兩個版本先後被盜去，之後皆失而復得。